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Atezolizumab exposure across pediatric and young-adult cohorts

Two-compartment IV atezolizumab exposure with fixed weight, albumin, tumor-burden and ADA effects. Explicit finite infusions and cohort-specific source domains support conditional exploration.

Population pharmacokinetics, exposure-safety, and immunogenicity of atezolizumab in pediatric and young adult patients with cancer ↗

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

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MODEL IN MOTION 18 sec

How do the pediatric and young-adult presets change accumulation?

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Infant median covariates

Conditional source fixed-effect preset. Dose amounts are fixed by default; select Recalculate paper regimen to couple weight and dose.

0–210 day

Infant median covariates

Conditional source fixed-effect preset. Dose amounts are fixed by default; select Recalculate paper regimen to couple weight and dose.

Readouts

Central atezolizumab concentration · ug/mL
Central amount divided by covariate-adjusted central volume; mg/L and ug/mL have equal numerical values.
Exposure (AUC) · ug*day/mL
Continuous integral of central concentration from the selected simulation start, using the supplied initial state.
Systemic clearance · L/day
Fixed-effect clearance scaled by weight, albumin, tumor burden and anti-drug-antibody status.
Central distribution volume · L
Central volume scaled by weight and albumin; age cohort is context rather than an age covariate.

Study purpose

  • How do the selected cohort covariates and explicitly chosen dose policy change central exposure?

Assumptions

  • Exposure uses fixed effects; population variability and prediction intervals are not modeled.
  • Age group sets covariate ranges and dosing. Age and maturation are not modeled in the PK equations.
  • The infant cohort had two participants, aged seven months or older. Covariate ranges do not capture individual patient combinations.
  • “Keep selected dose” preserves mg after edits. “Recalculate paper regimen” uses 15 mg/kg (maximum 1,200 mg) for children or 1,200 mg for young adults.
  • Both dosing modes use 10 infusions, 21 days apart: 60 minutes for the first, then 30 minutes.
  • The 6 µg/mL benchmark comes from preclinical data. Its indicator shows current concentration, not trough exposure, efficacy, or population target attainment.
  • AUC accumulates from the selected start time and initial state; earlier exposure is excluded.
  • Random effects, residual error, population exposure distributions, and full published figures are not reproduced. Fitting and server scans are unavailable.

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Covariate

Body weight used for body-size scaling in the model. Model limits: 8.7–9.5.

kg
9.1 → —

Albumin coefficient used by the released system of model equations. Model limits: 30–35.

g/L
33 → —

Tumor burden coefficient used by the released system of model equations. Model limits: 35–83.

mm
59 → —

Ada positive indicator coefficient used by the released system of model equations.

—
0 → —
Simulation time
day
day
210 → 168

Time between reported samples.

day
0.25 → 1

2 changes · Variation 1

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Biology

Two-compartment IV atezolizumab exposure with fixed weight, albumin, tumor-burden and ADA effects. Explicit finite infusions and cohort-specific source domains support conditional exploration.

Two-compartment IV atezolizumab exposure with fixed weight, albumin, tumor-burden and ADA effects. Explicit finite infusions and cohort-specific source domains support conditional exploration.

Model details

19 parameters · 4 states · 4 equations · 35 derived outputs

Classification & API access
Therapeutic
Atezolizumab
Modality
Monoclonal antibody
Target
PD-L1 / CD274
Disease / scope
Pediatric and young-adult malignancies
ParameterDefaultUnitDescription
Reference systemic clearanceCL_ref_L_day0.217L/dayReference systemic clearance governing removal of modeled material from the relevant compartment.
Intercompartmental clearanceQ_L_day0.183L/dayIntercompartmental clearance governing exchange between model compartments.
Reference central distribution volumeV1_ref_L3.01LReference central distribution volume used to convert modeled amount to concentration in the relevant compartment.
Reference peripheral distribution volumeV2_ref_L1.36LReference peripheral distribution volume used to convert modeled amount to concentration in the relevant compartment.
Ada positive indicatorada_positive0—Ada positive indicator coefficient used by the released system of model equations.
Albuminalbumin_g_L40g/LAlbumin coefficient used by the released system of model equations.
Reference albuminalbumin_ref_g_L40g/LReference albumin coefficient used by the released system of model equations.
Body weightbody_weight_kg38.9kgBody weight used for body-size scaling in the model.
Reference body weightbody_weight_ref_kg77kgReference body weight used for body-size scaling in the model.
Dose routed to centraldose_to_central_fraction1—Dose routed to central represented as a dimensionless fraction in the released equations.
Target troughtarget_trough_ug_mL6µg/mLPreclinical-derived 6 ug/mL concentration benchmark. Instantaneous flag is not efficacy, cycle1 trough, or population target-attainment probability.
Ada multiplier on clearancetheta_ada_CL1.23—Ada multiplier on clearance governing removal of modeled material from the relevant compartment.
Albumin exponent on clearancetheta_albumin_CL-1.18—Albumin exponent on clearance governing removal of modeled material from the relevant compartment.
Albumin exponent on distribution volume 1theta_albumin_V1-0.566—Albumin exponent on distribution volume 1 used to convert modeled amount to concentration in the relevant compartment.
Tumor burden exponent on clearancetheta_tumor_CL0.122—Tumor burden exponent on clearance governing removal of modeled material from the relevant compartment.
Weight exponent on clearancetheta_weight_CL0.795—Weight exponent on clearance governing removal of modeled material from the relevant compartment.
Weight exponent on distribution volume 1theta_weight_V10.766—Weight exponent on distribution volume 1 used to convert modeled amount to concentration in the relevant compartment.
Tumor burdentumor_burden_mm63mmTumor burden coefficient used by the released system of model equations.
Reference tumor burdentumor_ref_mm63mmReference tumor burden coefficient used by the released system of model equations.

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